Tuesday, September 22, 2026

Poem of the Week: Sound and Sense - Alexander Pope (1688 - 1744)

 




SOUND AND SENSE

True ease in writing comes from art, not chance,
As those move easiest who have learned to dance.
'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense,
The sound must seem an echo to the sense:
Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently blows,
And smooth the stream in smoother number flows;
But when loud surges lash the sounding shore,
The hoarse, rough verse should like a torrent roar;
When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
The line too labors, and the words move slow;
Not so, when swift Camilla scours the plain,
Flies o'er the unbending corn, and skims along the main.
Hear how Timotheus' varied lays surprise,
And bid alternate passions fall and rise!

Monday, September 21, 2026

Study Guide For Friday (9/25) Exam

 TYPES OF ECONOMIES

TYPES OF ECONOMIES 2


FACTORS OF PRODUCTION


CIRCULAR FLOW OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY



Traditional economy

A traditional economy is an economic system where goods and services are exchanged primarily through bartering rather than monetary transactions. Often referred to as agrarian or subsistence economies, these systems are characterized by a strong reliance on agriculture and communal roles defined by social status and family lineage. In traditional economies, individuals typically learn the skills of their parents, with boys following in their fathers' trades and girls taking on domestic responsibilities taught by their mothers. This structure fosters stability and security within communities, as decisions are usually made by elders or family heads, reinforcing established social hierarchies.

However, traditional economies face limitations in terms of growth and individual opportunities, as there is often little motivation for families to exceed their immediate needs. Despite the decline of traditional economies in developed nations due to industrialization and market expansion, remnants still exist in various parts of the world, particularly in developing countries where cultural practices remain strong. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional economic practices as people seek more organic and locally sourced food options, reflecting a modern return to some of the principles of traditional economies.




Sunday, September 20, 2026

Bad Writing vs. Good Writing (The Psychological Dimension of Words): Pedantic/ Pompous Style



pedantic - caring too much about unimportant rules or details and not enough about understanding or appreciating a subject.

pompous - 1) having or exhibiting self-importance; arrogant. 2) excessively elevated or ornate.

A pedantic or pompous style is psychologically displeasing.  Compare these sentence pairs, identical in logical meaning:

1) "Behold! The inhabitants have all retired to their domiciles."
"Look! The people have all gone home."

2) "The vaulted dome of heaven is cerulean."
"The sky is blue."

Source: "The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric", Sister Miriam Joseph

Sunday, September 13, 2026

Sound and the Psychological Dimension & Poem of the Week

 


Various characteristics of words affect the psychological dimension of language.

The mere sound of a word may produce a pleasing effect which another word of the same meaning lacks.  In "Silver" by Walter de la Mare, the poet's substitution of words like shoon for shoes and casements for windows are examples of the poet's use of sound to create a psychological effect.

SILVER

Slowly, silently, now the moon
Walks the night in her silver shoon;
This way, and that, she peers, and sees
Silver fruit upon silver trees;
One by one the casements catch
Her beams beneath the silvery thatch;
Couched in his kennel, like a log
With paws of silver sleeps the dog;
From their shadowy cote the white breasts peep
Of doves in a silver-feathered sleep;
A harvest mouse goes scampering by,
With silver claws and a silver eye;
And moveless fish in the water gleam
By silver reeds in a silver stream.

                - Walter de la Mare

Source: "The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric", Sister Miriam Joseph

"The poem begins with the speaker stating that the light of the moon is casting down on earth. This occurs while, 'she,' the moon, moves slowly through the sky. The moon is taking its time, choosing to look at everything on Earth while 'she' has the chance."

"Some of the creatures and objects that are spotted and therefore cast in 'silver light' are the 'casements' of windows, doves, a dog, and sleeping fish. These creatures and objects are perfectly mundane and ordinary. There is nothing remarkable about them during the day, but at night they are enhanced and made more beautiful."

mundane (adj.) - characterized by the practical, temporary, and ordinary; commonplace.

Source: Silver

Monday, September 7, 2026

The Logical and Psychological Dimensions of Words

 

     "Language has logical and psychological meanings which may be illustrated through a closer look at the words house and home... Objectively, the definition (the logical dimension) of house and home are similar... but subjectively, home is a much richer word, for to its logical content is added emotional content (the psychological dimension)... The fact that house has practically no psychological dimension while home has much accounts for the different effects produced by the following lines which are equivalent in their logical dimensions."


House, house, loved, loved house!
There's no place like my house!  There's no place like my house!

Home, home, sweet, sweet home!
There's no place like home!  There's no place like home!
                      - John Howard Payne, "Clari, the Maid of Milan"

Source: "The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric", Sister Miriam Joseph